Specter Aviation Limited c. Laprade
Specter Aviation sought homologation of a Paris arbitral award. Self-represented defendant Laprade filed pleadings containing at least eight fictitious case citations and doctrinal references generated by ChatGPT. First judicial sanction for AI misuse in Quebec litigation.
| Court | Cour supérieure du Québec |
|---|---|
| Citation | 2025 QCCS 3521 |
| Jurisdiction | Quebec |
| Decided | |
| Parties | Plaintiff / Applicant: Specter Aviation Limited Defendant / Respondent: Jean Laprade |
| Judge | Juge Babak Barin |
AI context
AI system: ChatGPT (OpenAI)
Self-represented defendant used ChatGPT to draft pleadings. The tool hallucinated at least eight case citations and legal references filed without verification.
Significance
First judicial monetary sanction for AI-generated fabricated citations in Quebec. Applied art. 342 C.p.c. (significant breach in conduct of proceedings) to AI misuse.
Outcome
Sanctions$5,000 fine imposed under art. 342 C.p.c. for significant breach in conduct of proceedings — the first judicial sanction for AI misuse in Quebec litigation.